DRUG TESTING.

Do you agree that Drug testing should be done as a requirement for admission to schools?

YES! I agree, that Dug testing should be done as a requirement to school admission especially in tertiary level because in this way we can assure that the students entering in the university is capable to study and they are physically and mentally ready for the challenges they may encounter.

I believe that if one people is a drug user he/she will lose his/her concentration in studying and shows no interest in whatever they do.

All schools offer Quality Education to their students and for them to have a Quality Education it must first start to the students they have. The Quality Education would not be effective if their students are not active in school and shows physically present but mentally absent.

Im not saying that drug-users cannot go to school to study and get the education that they need but for me if they want to be in school and get the Quality Education they deserve they must first stop themselves from using drugs and concentrate to their studies because i believe that education is the key and first step for a brighter future.

And so, this is my side, this is my opinion.

Stop using drug and start to live a better life.

Answer to the QUIZ.

TRUE 1. The protocol inside the laboratory to release accurate results.

TRUE 2. Physicians rely on the results that Medical Technologists report.

TRUE 3. Wrong results would cause dire consequences on the patient.

FALSE 4. Proper reporting of results is not a preliminary measure inside the laboratory.

TRUE 5. The medical technologist should be reliable in reporting of results.

TRUE 6. The lab results must be reported in a timely and accurate manner.

TRUE 7. The life of the patients are threatened if inaccurate results are reported.

TRUE 8. Proper reporting of results is part of the Quality Assurance.

CASE ANALYSIS:

One Monday morning, Sophia went to her physician complaining for some illness. Then her doctor told her that she has to go to a diagnostic center to help them see what possible is she suffering from.

The physician gave her the requisition slip and so, Sophia went to the diagnostic center immediately. Laboratory tests were done.

• Would Sophia be treated correctly if the Medical Technologist reported wrong results?

The physicians relies on the results that the medical technologist forward to him/ her and its only the basis of the physicians. If the Medical Technologist reported wrong results it means that the patient would also be treated wrongly by the physician.

• What could happen to the patient if she has given wrong results?

It might threatened his/ her life because of the fault of the Medical Technologists. Because she will be given wrong diagnosis about her illness.

Quiz about Proper reporting of results,

True or False:

__________1. The protocol inside the laboratory to release accurate results.

__________2. Physicians rely on the results that Medical Technologists report.

__________3. Wrong results would cause dire consequences on the patient.

__________4. Proper reporting of results is not a preliminary measure inside the laboratory.

__________5. The medical technologist should be reliable in reporting of results.

__________6. The lab results must be reported in a timely and accurate manner.

__________7. The life of the patients are threatened if inaccurate results are reported.


CASE ANALYSIS:

One Monday morning, Sophia went to her physician complaining for some illness. Then her doctor told her that she has to go to a diagnostic center to help them see what possible is she suffering from.

The physician gave her the requisition slip and so, Sophia went to the diagnostic center immediately. Laboratory tests were done.

• Would Sophia be treated correctly if the Medical Technologist reported wrong results?

• What could happen to the patient if she has given wrong results?
  

Proper reporting of results.

Proper reporting or recording of results is one of the preliminary measures that is being observed and practiced inside the laboratory. It is always a protocol for us to report correctly and clearly in order to release an accurate and reliable results.

The main goal of reporting accurate and reliable results is to help the physicians to treat patients. Because physicians rely in whatever results we obtain and record. That is why they must be reported in a timely and accurate manner.

Many unpleasant consequences would happen if we did not properly report results. It might threaten the life of the patients because of the medical technologist's fault.

That is why we must always be sure that we report results properly and make this a habit.

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POEM. POEM. POEM.

Vasopressin

Pee.. Pee.. Pee..
How often do you pee?
How did you feel?
Can you feel the ill?

Are you aware
of the hormone that is spared?
It is known as Vasopressin,
And it suppresses the urine.

Controlled by the hypothalamus,
A part of man that is not anonymous.
And secreted by the posterior gland,
the gland that is in command.

And now you know,
That it will show,
If there is an absence of vasopressin,
There is increase in urination.

*bow*

Photo by nickjohnson

Answer to the questions

1. Give other names for ADH.
Vasopressin; Arginine Vasopressin; AVP

2- 3. Two principal sites of action of AVP.
Kidney and Bloodvessels

4. A common disease related to ADH.
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

5. Major sign of Diabetes Insipidus.
Excessive Urination

6- 7. Give the 2functions of AVP.
Regulates extracellular fluid volume and It is a vasoconstriction

8. Normal values for ADH test.
0 to 4.7 pg/mL

9. Give one condition if the result obtained is abnormally high.
Post- surgery fluid imbalance

10. Give one condition if the result obtained is abnormally low.
Diabetes Insipidus (central or nephrogenic)

Case Analysis:

11- 20. A 24-year old woman Liz, is a flight attendant for almost 5 years. One day when she was on leave she noticed that every hour she had to go to the bathroom and she felt uneasy about it. That was why she went to see a doctor but they didn't find any abnormality on physical examination.

What probable condition is Liz suffering from?

Liz is suffering from excessive urination or also known as polyuria which is a major sign of having Diabetes Insipidus.

This DI may arise from either of this two situations,

Hypothalamic DI this is deficiency in the secretion of ADH in the posterior pituitary and Nephrogenic DI this is when the kidney is unable to respond to ADH.

ADH is the hormone that decreases urine production and in this case there is the absence of ADH, that was why Liz is suffering from excessive urination.

What test would you recommend to diagnose her?

ADH test, because this test is performed if a disorder that affects ADH level is suspected.

Test. Test. Test.

Identification:

___________1. Give other names for ADH.
___________2- 3. Two Principal sites of action of AVP.
___________3.
___________4. Common diseases related to ADH.
___________5. A major sign of Diabetes Insipidus.
___________6- 7. Give the 2functions of AVP.
___________7.
___________8. Normal values for ADH test.
___________9. Give one condition if the result obtained is abnormally high.
___________10. Give one condition if the result obtained is abnormally low.


Case Analysis:

11- 20. A 24-year old woman Liz, is a flight attendant for almost 5 years. One day when she was on leave she noticed that every hour she hasdto go to the bathroom and she felt uneasy about it. That was why she went to see a doctor but they did not find any abnormalities on physical examination.

• What probable condition is Liz suffering from?
• What test would you recommend to diagnose her?

Vasopressin

ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE

Other name: Vasopressin; Arginine Vasopressin; AVP

ADH is a hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that constricts blood vessels, which is responsible in the rise of blood pressure , and reduces excretion of urine.

I will illustrate a simple diagram of ADH action in our body.

Posterior lobe --> anti diuretic (vasopressin) --> site of action for kidney --> reabsorption of water and fluid balance --> site of action for arterioles --> blood pressure

Anti diuretic hormone is a substance that decreases urine production. It causes the kidney to return more water to the blood, thus decreases the urine volume. Urine Output increases more than ten folds in the absence of ADH while in the presence of ADH, the kidneys retain water. ADH is produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. Plasma osmolarity or concentration of solutes in blood, is the most important variable that regulates the anti diuretic hormone secretion. The plasma osmolarity is being sensed in the hypothalamus by neurons known as the osmoreceptors.

Two principle sites of action of AVP: kidney and bloodvessels.

Functions of AVP:
1. Regulates extracellular fluid volume
2. AVP is vasoconstriction.

Common disease related to ADH is Diabetes Insipidus. This condition may arise from either of two situations:
- Hypothalamic (central) diabetes insipidus- deficiency is the secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus- occurs when kidney is unable to respond to ADH

Major signs of either of the type of Diabetes Insipidus is: excessive urine production.

Test: ADH test
The test is performed if a disorder that affects the ADH level is suspected.
In some diseases, the normal release of ADH is altered, and the serum level of ADH must be tested to determine the cause. ADH may be measured as part of a "water restriction test" to more thoroughly investigate the cause of a disease.

Normal Values for ADH test:
Values of 0 to 4.7 pg/mL are normal.

Abnormally high may indicate:
-Acute porphyria (very rare)
-CNS infection
-CNS Tumor
-Post-surgery fluid imbalance
-SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)

Abnormally low may indicate:
-Damage to the pituitary gland
-Diabetes Insipidus (central or nephrogenic)
-Primary polydipsia


Reference:
http://www.cvphysiology.com/Blood%20Pressure/BP016.htm
http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/adh.html
http://healthguide.howstuffworks.com/adh-dictionary.htm
http://www.ecosci.jp/pdb/vasopressin.gif
http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/003702.htm
Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan Derrickson

Welcome

Hi, I'm Mary Joy, welcome to my blog.